While spring is a favorite time of year, bringing forth new flowers, greener pastures and budding trees, spring and summer can be uncomfortable due to seasonal allergies.

Approximately 15 percent of the general population will have some sort of allergy. Ocular allergies can affect anyone, but are more common in males and most intense in the first and second decades of life. Itching is the cardinal sign of allergies, often accompanied by redness, tearing, burning and swelling of the eyelids.

An allergy attack occurs when airborne substances, typically pollens and dusts, come into contact with and dissolve in the tear layer. Once dissolved, these allergens are recognized as foreign invaders to the body. Specialized cells in the body called mast cells, and other immune components found in the bloodstream, will migrate to the affected area and release histamine (the substance responsible for causing the itchiness). In the eyes, the response is quite rapid. Itching is typically the first and most bothersome symptom. It will persist and often intensify if exposure to the allergen is prolonged. Later symptoms such as red eyes and eyelid swelling are caused by the dilation of the blood vessels and the leakage of fluid from them.

Allergies are usually temporary and self-limiting, and they rarely cause any long-term effects on the eyes. The first and foremost step to treat allergies is removing the offending substances. Air conditioning, limiting time outdoors and avoiding animal dander can dramatically reduce allergic reactions.

There are also several other options available for ocular allergies. For mild allergies, the simple use of cool compresses on the eyelids and artificial tears several times per day can provide relief. The use of a decongestant eye drop, two to four times per day has also been shown to be effective. However, decongestants only provide short-lived relief. Recently, there have been a few new over-the-counter allergy drops that were formerly prescription only. Many will find these new options more effective than the traditional decongestant drops. There are also some new prescription anti-allergy eye drops that work well for moderate to severe allergies. These new drops are safe, fast acting and a very effective way to provide comfort throughout the day. Most can be used by adults and children with very few side effects.

If you have any questions about allergies or any other eye-related topics, please feel free to call Milwaukee Eye Care Associates at 414-271-2020.

David J. Weis, O.D. is a comprehensive eye care specialist at Milwaukee Eye Care Associates, Dr. Peter S. Foote, M.D. is the medical director. To schedule an appointment with Dr. Weis, or any of the physicians at Milwaukee Eye Care Associates, please call 414-271-2020.